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What are the main uses of hexafluorobenzene?
Hexafluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its main uses are quite wide.
In the chemical industry, it is often used as a solvent. Because of its special physical and chemical properties, it can be used as an excellent reaction medium for many organic reactions. Its high chemical stability can withstand a variety of harsh reaction conditions, making the reaction easier to control and the purity of the product can be improved.
In the field of materials science, it also has important uses. It can be used as a raw material for the preparation of high-performance fluoropolymers. Fluoropolymers often have excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance and low coefficient of friction due to the characteristics of fluorine atoms. After a series of chemical transformations, hexafluorobenzene can be integrated into the polymer structure, giving the material unique properties, and is used in high-end fields such as aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances.
Furthermore, in the field of medicinal chemistry, or as a synthetic intermediate. By chemically modifying it, specific functional groups can be introduced to synthesize compounds with special biological activities, providing an important basis for drug development.
Because of its good solubility and volatility, it can also be used as an extractant or a stationary phase in gas chromatography in some analytical chemistry experiments, assisting in the separation and analysis of substances.
Overall, hexafluorobenzene plays a key role in many fields such as chemicals, materials, medicine, and analysis, and has made significant contributions to the development of modern science and technology.
What are the physical properties of hexafluorobenzene?
Hexafluorobenzene has unique physical properties. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a clear appearance. Under normal temperature and pressure, this state is stable.
The melting point is about -56.5 ° C, that is, the temperature drops to Si, and it condenses into a solid state. The boiling point is about 80.2 ° C. When heated to this point, it turns into a gaseous state. This boiling point is slightly higher than that of ordinary benzene, due to the different intermolecular forces.
The density of hexafluorobenzene is 1.619g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If the two are mixed, hexafluorobenzene sinks underwater. Its vapor density is also greater than that of air, and it is easy to accumulate at low places.
In terms of solubility, it is slightly soluble in water. Due to the strong hydrogen bond between water molecules, hexafluorobenzene is difficult to be compatible with it. However, in organic solvents, such as ether, acetone, chloroform, etc., the solubility is quite good, and its structure is similar to that of organic solvents, which conforms to the principle of "similar compatibility".
The vapor pressure of hexafluorobenzene has a fixed number at a specific temperature. When the temperature increases, the vapor pressure also rises, the thermal motion of molecules intensifies, and the number of escapes from the liquid surface increases.
In addition, its dielectric constant is about 2.2, reflecting its degree of polarization in the electric field, which may be relevant in the field of electricity. And hexafluorobenzene has low surface tension and has unique performance in some interfacial processes. These various physical properties are the foundation for applications in many fields, such as chemical engineering and materials.
Is Hexafluorobenzene Chemically Stable?
The chemical properties of hexafluorobenzene are quite stable. In this substance, the carbon atom of the benzene ring is connected to the fluorine atom by a covalent bond. The fluorine atom has strong electronegativity, which makes the carbon-fluorine bond energy quite high. To break this bond requires a lot of energy.
The reactivity of Guanfu hexafluorobenzene is actually lower than that of ordinary benzene compounds. Its structure is symmetrical, the electron cloud is evenly distributed, and it is not easy to be attacked by electrophilic reagents or nucleophiles. The common electrophilic substitution reaction in hexafluorobenzene is difficult to occur as smoothly as in ordinary benzene rings. Because of the electron-absorbing effect of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is reduced, which is not conducive to the attack of electrophilic reagents
And its chemical stability is also reflected in thermal stability. Hexafluorobenzene can withstand higher temperatures and does not decompose easily. This property makes it stable in many high temperature reaction systems or special environments, and can be used as a stable solvent or reaction medium.
However, although hexafluorobenzene is chemically stable, it is not impossible to react under certain conditions. For example, under extremely violent reaction conditions, such as strong Lewis acid catalysis, high temperature and high pressure, and the presence of special reagents, hexafluorobenzene may also participate in the reaction, showing its relatively active side. But overall, under normal chemical environments and conditions, the chemical properties of hexafluorobenzene are indeed stable.
What is the preparation method of hexafluorobenzene?
The preparation method of hexafluorobenzene is as follows:
In the past, hexafluorobenzene was prepared, and benzene was often used as the initial raw material to react with fluorine gas. However, this reaction is highly dangerous. Due to the extremely active chemical properties of fluorine gas, the reaction process is rapid, and it is easy to cause accidents such as explosions, which is difficult to control.
Later, there is an improved method, using pentafluorochlorobenzene as the raw material, and metal fluorides, such as potassium fluoride, react under high temperature and high pressure conditions in specific organic solvents. This organic solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), can improve the solubility of the reactants and promote the smooth progress of the reaction. Fluoride ions in metal fluorides will replace the chlorine atoms in pentafluorochlorobenzene, This method is relatively safe, and the reaction conditions are easier to achieve, so it is gradually used.
There are also those who use hexachlorobenzene as the starting material to react with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride under the action of a catalyst. The catalysts used are mostly chromium-based catalysts. During this reaction process, the chlorine atom of hexachlorobenzene is gradually replaced by the fluorine atom, and after a series of intermediate steps, hexafluorobenzene is finally generated. The raw material of this method, hexachlorobenzene, is easy to obtain, and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride participates in the reaction, which optimizes the reaction path to a certain extent and has its application value in the field of industrial preparation.
What is the price range of hexafluorobenzene in the market?
Hexafluorobenzene, as well as organic compounds, is used in many fields such as chemical industry and medicine. As for its market price range, it is difficult to accurately determine, because many factors are interacting.
First, the price fluctuation of raw materials has a great impact on the price of hexafluorobenzene. If the price of raw materials required for the preparation of hexafluorobenzene fluctuates frequently, the cost of hexafluorobenzene will change accordingly, which will affect its market price. If the supply of raw materials is abundant and the price is low, the price of hexafluorobenzene may decline; conversely, if the price of raw materials is scarce and high, its price will rise.
Second, the trend of market supply and demand is also the key. If the market demand for hexafluorobenzene is strong, but the supply is relatively insufficient, the so-called supply is in short supply, and its price will rise; if the demand is weak and the supply is excessive, the price will inevitably fall. For example, when the demand for hexafluorobenzene in emerging industries suddenly increases, and the production capacity is temporarily difficult to reach, the price will rise.
Third, the difficulty of the production process and the cost are also related to the price. If the production process is complex, high-end equipment and exquisite technology are required, and the input cost is huge, the product price is naturally expensive; if the process is optimized and the cost is reduced, the price may have room to decline.
Fourth, regional differences also lead to different prices. The price of hexafluorobenzene varies from place to place due to differences in transportation costs, tax policies, and degree of market competition. If it is a remote place, the transportation cost is high, and the price may be higher than that of the central production area.
To sum up the above reasons, it is difficult to generalize the market price range of hexafluorobenzene. However, generally speaking, its price fluctuates between hundreds and thousands of yuan per kilogram. This is only an approximate figure, and the actual price still needs to be determined according to the specific situation of the current market.