3-Aminopropanol, its main uses are as follows:
3-Aminopropanol is a key raw material for organic synthesis. In the field of medicine, it can be used as an intermediate for many drug synthesis. For example, when synthesizing some cardiovascular drugs, 3-Aminopropanol can participate in the reaction to construct key structural fragments. Through the activity of its amino and hydroxyl groups, it undergoes condensation and substitution reactions with other compounds, and finally achieves the construction of drug molecules, providing effective drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
In the manufacture of surfactants, 3-Aminopropanol plays an important role. Because of its hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and lipophilic amino groups, surfactants can have excellent emulsification, dispersion and solubilization properties. When it is introduced into the molecular structure of surfactants, surfactants suitable for different scenarios can be prepared. For example, when used in detergents, it can enhance the emulsification and dispersion ability of oil stains and improve the washing effect; when used in cosmetics, it can make the ingredients of the product evenly disperse, improve product stability and use experience.
In the production of polyurethane foam, 3-aminopropanol is also indispensable. It can be used as a cross-linking agent or chain extender to participate in the synthesis of polyurethane foam. As a crosslinking agent, the amino and hydroxyl groups of 3-aminopropanol can react with the active groups on the polyurethane molecular chain to form a three-dimensional network structure, which enhances the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam, such as hardness and strength. As a chain extender, it can increase the molecular chain of polyurethane and adjust the physical properties of foam, such as density and elasticity, to meet the performance requirements of polyurethane foam materials in different fields.
In addition, 3-aminopropanol is often used as a starting material or model compound for organic synthesis methodology exploration in the study of organic synthesis chemistry. Researchers develop novel organic synthesis reactions and strategies through in-depth research on its chemical reaction properties, promoting the development of organic chemistry.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, is a colorless and odorless liquid, and also has the form of white powder, tablets and capsules. Its physical properties are as follows:
1. ** Properties **: Under normal conditions, it is a colorless, transparent liquid with a weak special odor. When made into a solid, it is white powder, with a fine texture, and its appearance is similar to common salts or fine flours.
2. ** Solubility **: It can be miscible with water in any ratio. This property is due to the action of hydroxyl and butyric acid groups in its molecular structure, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, resulting in excellent solubility in water. In addition, it can also be dissolved in some organic solvents, such as ethanol, acetone, etc., showing good solvent adaptability.
3. ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is about 25 ° C, which is relatively low, so it mostly exists in a liquid state at room temperature, and it is easy to solidify into a solid state after a little cooling. The boiling point is about 207 ° C, and a higher temperature is required under normal pressure to boil and vaporize.
4. ** Density **: The density is about 1.08g/cm ³, which is slightly larger than water. If it is slowly poured into water, it will sink to the bottom.
5. ** Stability **: Under normal conditions, 3-hydroxybutyric acid is relatively stable. However, when it encounters strong oxidizing agents, strong acids or strong bases, it is prone to chemical reactions, causing its structure to change and lose its original characteristics. In high temperature environments, it may also decompose to produce other substances.
It should be emphasized that 3-hydroxybutyric acid is a controlled psychotropic substance, and the illegal manufacture, trade, transportation and use are all illegal and criminal acts. Because of its addictive nature and great harm to human health, it can affect the central nervous system, causing serious consequences such as drowsiness, confusion, respiratory depression, and even life-threatening.

3-Aminopropionitrile, its chemical properties are not very stable in common sense. Looking at the structure of this substance, it contains nitrile groups (-CN) and amino groups (-NH -2). Nitrile groups have certain reactivity, can be hydrolyzed to produce carboxyl groups, or interact with nucleophiles under specific conditions. The amino group, which is basic, can form salts with acids, and is also prone to participate in nucleophilic substitution and other reactions.
When the two coexist in the same molecule and interact with each other, their chemical activity is more complex. The electron-given effect of amino groups can change the electron cloud density of nitrile groups, making the reactivity of nitrile groups different. For example, in some catalytic environments, it may promote the deviation of the reaction path of nitrile groups or accelerate their hydrolysis process.
Furthermore, the environmental factors in which 3-aminopropionitrile is located have a great influence on its stability. If it is in an acidic medium, the amino group is easily protonated, changing the molecular charge distribution, and then affecting the overall reactivity and stability; in an alkaline environment, the nitrile group or amino group may also initiate different chemical reactions according to the strength and reaction conditions of the base, such as the alkaline hydrolysis of the nitrile group.
From another perspective, 3-aminopropionitrile is a potential synthesizer in the field of organic synthesis, but due to the activity of bifunctional groups in its structure, it is often necessary to make it react according to the expected path. Delicate reaction design and condition control are often required to avoid unnecessary side reactions, which shows that its chemical properties are not stable, but contain many possibilities for active changes.

The method of making 3-hydroxybutyric acid has been used in ancient times. Let me come to you.
To make 3-hydroxybutyric acid, one method begins with ethyl acetoacetate. Ethyl acetoacetate is reacted in sodium alcohol and reacted in an alcohol solution to form an enolate. After that, it is met with halogenated ethyl acetate and reacted with nucleophilic substitution to obtain a substituted ester. The ester is then hydrolyzed and acidified to obtain a carboxylic acid intermediate product of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Finally, the carboxyl group is reduced with a suitable reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid is obtained. The essence of its reaction depends on the conditions of each step, and temperature and pH are all affected.
In addition, microbial fermentation can also be used. Select specific microorganisms, such as some bacteria with special metabolic pathways. In a suitable medium, glucose and other carbon sources are used to supply nutrients such as nitrogen sources and inorganic salts. After the work of microbial metabolism, it can perform specific biochemical reactions in the body to generate 3-hydroxybutyric acid. The beauty of this method is that it is green and mild, but the culture conditions of microorganisms are quite strict, such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH value, etc., must be carefully regulated to make microorganisms produce this substance efficiently.
There are also those who use diethyl malonate as the starting material. First, diethyl malonate at the base is used to form carbon negative ions. Then, it reacts with halogenated acetone and is replaced by nucleophilic substitution. After hydrolysis, decarboxylation and other steps, 3-hydroxybutyric acid-related products can also be obtained. After reduction and other operations, 3-hydroxybutyric acid is finally obtained. In this approach, the conditions of the decarboxylation step are controlled as the key, and the choice of temperature and catalyst affects the yield.
There are various methods for preparing 3-hydroxybutyric acid, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to choose the appropriate one according to the actual needs to achieve the purpose of preparation.

3-Aminopropanol is one of the organic compounds. During storage and transportation, many matters must be paid attention to.
When storing, the first environment. It should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, away from fires and heat sources. Because 3-aminopropanol is flammable, it is easy to cause combustion in case of open flames and hot topics. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 30 ° C, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 80%. And it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids, and mixed storage should not be avoided. Because of its contact with oxidants, it is easy to react violently; mixed with acids, or dangerous. In the warehouse, there should also be suitable materials for containing leaks, in case of leakage, it can be dealt with in time.
When transporting, it should not be ignored. Before transportation, it is necessary to ensure the integrity and sealing of the container to prevent leakage. During transportation, make sure that the container does not tip, fall, or be damaged. The transportation vehicles used should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Summer transportation should be selected in the morning and evening to avoid sun exposure. Road transportation, travel according to the specified route, do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. Railway transportation also needs to strictly follow the regulations to prevent the loss of goods. If transported by tanker, the tanker should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after loading and unloading to avoid adverse reactions between residual impurities and 3-aminopropanol. In conclusion, whether storing or transporting 3-aminopropanol, it is necessary to operate in strict accordance with regulations to ensure safety.