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What are the physical properties of 2-Nitrofluorobenzene?
2-Nitrofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has the following physical properties:
In terms of color and taste, at room temperature, 2-nitrofluorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a pungent odor. This odor is pungent and can be easily detected in the air.
At the melting point, the melting point is about -29 ° C, and the boiling point is 205-206 ° C. Due to its low melting point, it is liquid at room temperature; the boiling point is relatively high, and a higher temperature is required to boil it into a gaseous state.
The density characteristic is relative density (water = 1). The density of nitrofluorobenzene is about 1.4. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water.
In terms of solubility, 2-nitrofluorobenzene is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. In water, it is difficult to dissolve due to its large polarity difference from water molecules and weak interaction force; in organic solvents, it can be better dissolved due to the principle of similar miscibility.
In addition, the vapor pressure of 2-nitrofluorobenzene has corresponding values under specific conditions, and its vapor density is greater than that of air. If it leaks, the steam will spread close to the ground, increasing the danger range. And because of its irritation, it can cause irritation and damage to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. When using and contacting, be careful and take protective measures.
What are the chemical properties of 2-Nitrofluorobenzene?
2-Nitrofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has many chemical properties, let me come to you.
First of all, the activity of fluorine atoms in this substance is quite high. Due to the electron-absorbing effect of nitro groups, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring decreases, making it easier for fluorine atoms to leave. When encountering nucleophilic reagents, such as alcohols, amines, phenols, etc., nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur. Taking alcohols as an example, under basic conditions, the alkoxy negative ions of alcohols nucleophilically attack the carbon connected to fluorine on the benzene ring, and the fluorine ions leave to produce corresponding ether compounds. The reaction mechanism is that the nucleophilic reagent provides electron pairs and bonds with the carbon atoms of the benzene ring, breaking the original chemical bond equilibrium.
Furthermore, the nitro properties in 2-nitrofluorobenzene cannot be ignored. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, which passivates the benzene ring, which is not conducive to the occurrence of electrophilic substitution. However, under certain conditions, such as high temperature, strong protonic acid environment, etc., electrophilic substitution can still be carried out on the benzene ring, but the reaction conditions are more severe than those of benzene derivatives without nitro groups.
2-nitrofluorobenzene can also undergo reduction reactions. Nitro groups can be reduced gradually. For example, iron and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents. Nitro groups are first reduced to nitroso groups, and then reduced to amino groups to obtain 2-fluoroaniline. During this process, electron transfer reduces the oxidation state of nitrogen in nitro groups.
In addition, in alkaline aqueous solutions, although the hydrolysis reaction is not as fast as that of haloalkanes, under heating and other conditions, fluorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to generate 2-nitrophenol. This reaction requires the help of an alkaline environment to promote the reaction process.
In summary, 2-nitrofluorobenzene contains fluorine atoms and nitro groups, and has unique chemical properties. It is widely used in the field of organic synthesis and can be prepared through various reaction paths.
What are the main uses of 2-Nitrofluorobenzene?
2-Nitrofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and is used in various fields of chemical industry.
Bearing the brunt, it is often used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. The nitro and fluorine atoms on the genbenzene ring have unique reactivity and can be converted into various pharmacoactive groups through many chemical reactions. For example, through reduction reaction, the nitro group can change the amino group, and then condense with other compounds containing carboxyl groups and other groups to synthesize drug molecules with specific pharmacological activities, which are essential in the creation of antibacterial, antiviral and other drugs.
Furthermore, in the field of pesticides, it also occupies an important position. Through a series of organic synthesis steps, high-efficiency pesticide molecular structures can be constructed. Due to its special structure, it can endow pesticides with good biological activity and environmental adaptability, which is beneficial to the control of crop diseases and pests, and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products.
In addition, in the synthesis of dyes, 2-nitrofluorobenzene is also a commonly used raw material. The benzene ring structure can endow the dyes with a good conjugate system, making the dyes present rich colors. By chemically modifying it and connecting different substituents, a variety of dyes with excellent properties and different colors can be prepared, which are widely used in textile printing and dyeing industries.
To sum up, 2-nitrofluorobenzene is an indispensable raw material in the chemical fields of medicine, pesticides, dye synthesis, etc., and plays a pivotal role in the development of related industries.
What are 2-Nitrofluorobenzene synthesis methods?
There are two ways to synthesize 2-nitrofluorobenzene. First, fluorobenzene is used as the starting material and obtained by nitrification. Fluorobenzene is co-heated with mixed acid (mixed with nitric acid and sulfuric acid), and the benzene ring of fluorobenzene is substituted by nitro groups to obtain 2-nitrofluorobenzene. In this reaction, sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst to promote nitric acid to produce nitroyl positive ions (NO 2), which are electrophilic reagents and attack the higher electron cloud density of the benzene ring. Because the fluorine atom is an ortho-para-position group, although its induction effect is electron-absorbing, but the conjugation effect is electron-supplying, under the synthesis, the ortho-para-position electron cloud density is slightly higher, so the nitro group can be replaced in the ortho-position to obtain During the reaction, the temperature and the proportion of mixed acids must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, it is feared that more by-products will occur, such as polynitro substitutions.
Second, 2-nitrochlorobenzene is used as the raw material and prepared by halogen exchange reaction. 2-Nitrochlorobenzene and potassium fluoride are heated in an appropriate solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In this reaction, fluoride ions (F) nucleophilically replace chlorine atoms of chlorobenzene to obtain 2-nitrofluorobenzene. This reaction requires appropriate catalysts, such as crown ethers, to increase the activity of fluoride ions. Crown ethers can complex with potassium ions to free fluoride ions, greatly increasing the activity and promoting the reaction. The solvent of the reaction is also crucial, it must have good solubility to the reactants and be able to stabilize the reaction intermediates, so that the reaction can be smooth and the yield and purity of the product can be improved.
2-Nitrofluorobenzene What are the precautions during storage and transportation?
2-Nitrofluorobenzene is a commonly used raw material in organic synthesis. However, it is toxic and dangerous. When storing and transporting, many matters must be paid attention to.
First words storage. This substance should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. It is easy to decompose due to heat, releasing toxic gases, endangering the surrounding environment and personal safety. The temperature of the warehouse should be strictly controlled, generally not exceeding 30 ° C. And it must be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, alkalis, etc., and must not be mixed to prevent violent chemical reactions. Because of its corrosive nature, storage containers must also be carefully selected, corrosion-resistant materials should be used, and good sealing should be ensured to prevent leakage. At the same time, the warehouse should be equipped with suitable equipment for containing and handling leaks.
As for transportation, there are also many precautions. Before transportation, the packaging must be carefully inspected to ensure that there is no damage or leakage. During transportation, the car or ship must be kept stable to avoid violent vibration and impact to prevent damage to the packaging. Transportation vehicles must follow the specified route and do not stop in densely populated areas and traffic arteries. Escort personnel must also be familiar with the nature of 2-nitrofluorobenzene and emergency treatment methods, so that they can properly respond to emergencies on the way. In the event of a leak, the surrounding people should be evacuated quickly to isolate the leaked contaminated area. Emergency responders must wear protective equipment to clean up and do not act rashly. In this way, the safety of storage and transportation can be guaranteed, and disasters can be avoided.