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What are the main uses of 1-Chloro-3-Fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-fluorobenzene has a wide range of main uses. In the field of organic synthesis, this is a key intermediate. It can be used to construct complex organic compounds through various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, due to the properties of chlorine and fluorine on its benzene ring. In the synthesis path of many drugs, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene often plays the role of starting material or important intermediate. With its unique chemical properties, it can precisely introduce specific functional groups and help generate molecular structures with specific pharmacological activities.
In the field of materials science, it also has important uses. It can be used to prepare polymer materials with unique properties. For example, using it as a monomer to participate in the polymerization reaction can improve many aspects of polymer materials such as solubility, thermal stability, and mechanical properties by virtue of the characteristics imparted by chlorine and fluorine atoms. By adjusting the reaction conditions and polymerization methods, materials that meet different application requirements can be customized.
In addition, in the field of pesticide creation, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is also indispensable. Based on its chemical structure, compounds with high insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal activities can be derived. With the modification and modification of its structure, the activity, selectivity, and environmental friendliness of pesticides can be optimized, so as to develop more ideal pesticide products to meet the needs of agricultural production for pest control and weed control. In conclusion, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene has shown important value and wide application in many fields such as organic synthesis, materials science, and pesticides.
What are the physical properties of 1-Chloro-3-Fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-fluorobenzene is an organic compound. It has special physical properties, which are described in detail today.
Looking at its properties, under room temperature and pressure, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid with a clear appearance and no turbidity. This liquid has a certain degree of volatility, and it can be felt in the air for a while. Its taste is unique, with an aromatic charm, but it is not a simple fragrance, mixed with a little irritation. When it comes to boiling point, the boiling point of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is about 147 ° C. The boiling point is the critical temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gaseous state. At this temperature, the molecule of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene gains enough energy to break free from the shackles of the liquid phase and escape into the gas phase. The value of the boiling point is related to the intermolecular forces. There are interactions such as van der Waals forces between 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene molecules. The magnitude of this force determines that its boiling point is at the S value.
Its melting point is about -57 ° C. At the melting point, the temperature limit at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. When the temperature rises to -57 ° C, the lattice structure of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene begins to disintegrate, and the ordered arrangement of the solid state gradually changes to the disordered state of the liquid state. The level of melting point depends on the arrangement of molecules and the strength of interactions. In this compound, the arrangement and interaction of molecules cause the melting point to be in this low temperature region.
The density of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is about 1.29 g/cm ³. In terms of density, the mass per unit volume of material is also. If it is mixed with water, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene will sink to the bottom of the water, due to the difference in density between the two. The value of its density reflects the mass of the molecule and the degree of packing compactness. In the 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene molecule, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms increases the molecular weight and affects the molecular packing, resulting in such a density.
In terms of solubility, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is insoluble in water. Water is a polar molecule, and although 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene contains electronegativity atoms such as chlorine and fluorine, the overall polarity of the molecule is weak. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the polarity difference is large, so the two are insoluble. However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. Organic solvents have weak polar or non-polar, and the intermolecular force of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is similar, so they can miscible with each other.
What is the chemistry of 1-Chloro-3-Fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its chemical properties are unique, and it has the characteristics of both chlorine and fluorine.
Chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms are on the benzene ring. Due to the difference in electronegativity between the two, the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring changes, which in turn affects the chemical activity of this compound. As for the electrophilic substitution reaction, although chlorine and fluorine are both adjacent and para-site sites, fluorine has strong electronegativity, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring more than chlorine, so its electrophilic substitution reaction activity is slightly lower than that of chlorobenzene. When the electrophilic reagent attacks, the substitution reaction mostly occurs in the adjacent and para-site of chlorine and fluorine. However, due to the combined effect of space steric resistance
The halogen atom of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene can participate in many reactions. For example, in the presence of an appropriate base and catalyst, the chlorine atom can undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction and be replaced by nucleophilic reagents such as hydroxyl and amino groups to generate corresponding substitution products. Although the fluorine atom is slightly less active, it can also participate in nucleophilic substitution under specific conditions, but the required conditions are usually more severe.
This compound can also participate in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Under the action of metal catalysts such as palladium and nickel, the halogen atom of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene can be coupled with carbon-containing nucleophiles to form carbon-carbon bonds, providing an important way for the synthesis of complex organic compounds.
In addition, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene can undergo free radical reactions under light or heating conditions, and halogen atoms can be replaced by free radicals or initiate free radical reactions of benzene ring side chains. It exhibits diverse chemical properties and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
What is 1-Chloro-3-Fluorobenzene production method?
The preparation method of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene is based on the number-following method in the past.
One is the halogenation reaction method. With benzene as the starting material, a chlorine group is introduced first, and a suitable catalyst such as ferric chloride can be stored in the system to react benzene with chlorine to obtain chlorobenzene. Subsequently, under specific reaction conditions, the chlorobenzene and fluoride undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Metal fluorides such as potassium fluoride are often used in a suitable solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and heated to undergo fluorination reactions to obtain 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene. In this process, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of the reaction temperature, the proportion of reactants and the reaction time to increase the yield of the target product.
The second is through the method of aryl diazonium salts. The diazonium salt is prepared by reacting aniline with nitrous acid under low temperature and acidic conditions. Then the diazonium salt is reacted with chlorine and fluorine-containing reagents. For example, a diazonium salt of borofluoric acid containing fluoride can be selected, which is decomposed by heating, and a conversion such as Sandmeyer reaction occurs to introduce a fluorine group; then a chlorine group is introduced at the ortho or meta-position through a suitable reaction. By fine adjustment of the reaction conditions, the purpose of preparing 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene can be achieved. In this approach, the preparation of diazonium salts and the control of subsequent reaction conditions are very critical. Factors such as low temperature and suitable pH range will affect the process of the reaction and the purity of the product.
In addition, there are also direct fluorination methods with halogenated aromatics. Select suitable halogenated aromatics, such as m-chlorobrombenzene, and specific fluorinating reagents, such as Selectfluor, in the presence of appropriate bases and solvents, to fluorinate. This process has specific requirements on the pH of the reaction system, the polarity of the solvent, etc. By optimizing such conditions, the reaction can be promoted to generate 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene, so as to realize the preparation of the compound.
What 1-Chloro-3-Fluorobenzene need to pay attention to when storing and transporting
1-Chloro-3-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. When storing and transporting it, many matters must be paid attention to.
First words storage, this substance should be placed in a cool and ventilated place. Because of the cool environment, it can slow down the rate of chemical reactions that may occur and avoid instability due to excessive temperature. Well ventilated, it can avoid the accumulation of volatile gas to prevent danger. The temperature and humidity of the warehouse should be carefully controlled. The temperature should not exceed 30 ° C. The humidity should also be maintained at an appropriate level, and it should not be too wet or too dry to prevent the quality of the compound from being affected.
Furthermore, 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene should be placed separately from oxidants, acids, bases and other substances. Due to its chemical properties, if it coexists with oxidants, it may cause a violent oxidation reaction; in case of acids and bases, it may also trigger a chemical reaction, causing it to deteriorate and even cause danger. Storage place, when away from fire and heat sources, open flames and hot topics can cause it to explode, which is a big taboo.
As for transportation, make sure that the packaging is intact. Packaging materials should have good sealing and corrosion resistance to prevent material leakage during transportation. Transportation vehicles should also be clean and free of residual chemicals to avoid reactions. Transportation personnel must be professionally trained to be familiar with their nature and emergency handling methods. During transportation, the traffic should be stable, avoid sudden braking, sharp turns, etc., to avoid package damage due to vibration and collision. And the planning of transportation routes should also avoid densely populated areas and important facilities to reduce the hazards caused by leakage.
In short, the storage and transportation of 1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene must be treated with caution and follow relevant norms and requirements to ensure safety.
