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What are the physical properties of 1-Bromo-3-Fluorobenzene?
1-Bromo-3-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its physical properties are worth exploring.
First of all, its appearance, at room temperature, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, clear and with a certain fluidity. Looking at it, under light, it may have a faint luster, like a liquid bead hiding light.
Second of all, its melting point. The melting point is about -38 ° C, which means that when the temperature drops below this value, it will gradually condense from liquid to solid, and the molecular arrangement will tend to be orderly from disorder. The boiling point is about 150-152 ° C. When the temperature rises, the molecules are energized enough to break free from the liquid phase and escape into the gas phase.
As for the density, it is about 1.72 g/mL, which is heavier than water, so if mixed with water, it will sink underwater, and the two are clearly defined.
In terms of solubility, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene has little solubility in water, because it is an organic compound, the molecular polarity is weak, and the force between water molecules is small, making it difficult to dissolve. However, in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., the solubility is quite good, and it is similar to the force between organic solvent molecules, following the principle of "similar phase dissolution".
In addition, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene has a certain volatility. In the air, the molecules are constantly moving, slowly escaping, and have a special smell. Although it is not pungent and intolerable, it also has a unique smell, which can be perceived by the sense of smell. Its vapor pressure has a certain value at room temperature, reflecting the tendency of molecules to escape from the liquid phase into the gas phase, which affects the rate of their diffusion in the environment.
What are the main uses of 1-Bromo-3-Fluorobenzene?
1-Bromo-3-fluorobenzene has a wide range of uses. In the field of organic synthesis, it can be called a key intermediate.
First, it can be used to create medicine. The construction of many drug molecules depends on its participation in reactions. For example, when developing specific antibacterial drugs, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene can introduce key structural fragments through a series of reactions, thereby shaping the molecular structure of drugs with antibacterial activity, opening up new avenues for pharmaceutical research and development.
Second, it is also indispensable in pesticide manufacturing. With its unique chemical properties, it can be converted into pesticide ingredients with insecticidal, weeding and other effects. By ingeniously designing reactions, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene is combined with other compounds to generate pesticides that have high inhibitory effects on specific pests or weeds, and help agricultural pest prevention and control.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene is also useful. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of special functional materials. For example, when preparing polymer materials with special optical and electrical properties, it can act as a key structural unit and be integrated into the polymer chain, giving the material unique properties to meet the special needs of electronic devices, optical equipment and other fields.
In addition, in the synthesis of fine chemical products, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene is often used as an important raw material. Like the preparation of some high-performance coatings, fragrances and other products, it will use its participation in the reaction to give the product unique properties and quality, and enhance the competitiveness of the product in the market. In short, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene plays an important role in many fields and is of great significance to promote the development of related industries.
What are 1-Bromo-3-Fluorobenzene synthesis methods?
The synthesis methods of 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene are quite diverse, and each has its own ingenuity. First, m-fluoroaniline can be started, and then reacted with cuprous bromide through diazotization. This is the classic Sandmeier reaction. M-fluoroaniline and sodium nitrite react in a low temperature and acidic environment to form diazonium salts, and then react with cuprous bromide. The diazonium group is replaced by a bromine atom to obtain 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene. This method has clear steps and relatively easy to control conditions. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature of the diazotization reaction to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts.
Second, using isafluorophenylboronic acid as raw material, it reacts with brominated reagents such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of an appropriate catalyst. This reaction is based on the principle of Suzuki reaction, in which the boron group of isafluorophenylboronic acid is coupled with the bromine atom of the brominated reagent to form the target product. This method has good selectivity and few side reactions, and also has specific requirements for the reaction conditions. The choice and dosage of catalysts have a great influence on the reaction.
Third, using 3-fluoroanisole as the starting material, bromine atoms are first introduced through halogenation reaction, and then demethylated. During halogenation, a suitable halogenating agent can be selected to replace the hydrogen on the benzene ring with bromine atoms Then demethylation, common reagents such as hydrobromic acid, etc., through this step can obtain 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene. However, this process has a little more steps, and each step needs to be carefully controlled to improve the yield.
Fourth, using 3-fluorobenzoic acid as raw material, the carboxyl group is first converted into an easy-to-leave group, and then reacted with a brominating reagent to introduce bromine atoms, and finally the introduced group is removed to obtain the target product. Although this approach is complicated, the reagents and conditions of each step can be flexibly selected according to different needs to achieve effective synthesis of 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene.
The above synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and product purity, and carefully choose to achieve the ideal synthesis effect.
1-Bromo-3-Fluorobenzene what are the precautions during storage and transportation?
1-Bromo-3-fluorobenzene is an organic compound. During storage and transportation, many matters must be paid attention to.
First, storage, because it has a certain chemical activity, should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. High temperature can cause its volatilization to intensify, and may cause chemical reactions to cause its deterioration. The warehouse temperature should not be too high, generally not exceeding 30 ° C. At the same time, be sure to keep away from fire and heat sources, which can cause it to catch fire or even explode, which is dangerous.
Furthermore, the compound should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc., and should not be mixed. When it meets with an oxidizing agent, it is prone to oxidation reactions; contact with acid and alkali, or cause severe chemical reactions, and even endanger safety. The storage place also needs to be equipped with suitable materials to contain the leakage, so as to prevent accidental leakage, and it can be properly handled in time to avoid greater harm.
As for transportation, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene must be transported in a special chemical transportation vehicle. Vehicles need to be well sealed to prevent it from evaporating and escaping. During transportation, drivers and escorts must always be vigilant and strictly abide by the operating procedures. Pay close attention to changes in temperature and pressure. If there is any abnormality, dispose of it immediately.
In addition, transportation vehicles should follow the prescribed route, avoiding densely populated areas and traffic arteries. This is to avoid the occurrence of leaks or accidents that affect many people and cause major casualties and losses. And before transportation, all kinds of documents and procedures required by relevant departments must be prepared and transported in accordance with regulations, so that security is safe.
What are the effects of 1-Bromo-3-Fluorobenzene on the environment and human health?
1-Bromo-3-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its impact on the environment and human health is truly imperceptible.
First, the impact of the environment. If 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene is released in nature, in the atmosphere, because it is volatile to a certain extent, or participates in photochemical reactions, it disturbs the chemical balance of the atmosphere, but due to its characteristics such as vapor pressure, this effect may be limited. In aquatic ecosystems, its hydrophobicity makes it easy to adsorb on suspended particles or sediments and gradually accumulate. If aquatic organisms touch it, there may be adverse consequences. Override it or affect the physiological functions of organisms, such as interfering with the respiration, feeding and reproduction of fish, causing population changes. In the soil environment, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene can be adsorbed by soil particles, hindering the normal metabolism and activities of soil microorganisms, thereby damaging soil ecological functions, changing soil fertility, and affecting plant growth.
As for the impact on human health. When entering the human body through the respiratory tract, it is irritating or causes respiratory discomfort, such as cough, asthma, poor breathing, long-term exposure, or damage to lung function, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases. Through skin contact, it can enter the body through the skin barrier, or cause skin allergies, redness, swelling, and itching. If eaten by mistake, it can be in the digestive system, or irritate the stomach, causing nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, etc. And 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene may have potential neurotoxicity, long-term exposure, or damage the nervous system, causing headaches, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss and other neurological symptoms. What's more, it may be mutagenic, interfere with human genetic material, and in the long run, may increase the risk of cancer.
Therefore, 1-bromo-3-fluorobenzene poses a potential threat to the environment and human health. When it is produced, used and disposed of, proper protection and disposal measures should be taken with caution to reduce its harm.