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What are the main uses of 1-Bromo-3- (Difluoromethyl) Benzene?
1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and plays an important role in the field of organic synthesis.
First, it can be used as a synthetic intermediate for fluorine-containing aromatic compounds. Fluorinated compounds are very popular in the fields of medicine, pesticides and materials science. Due to the introduction of fluorine atoms, the physical, chemical and biological activities of compounds can be significantly changed. 1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene can introduce other functional groups through many chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, to construct complex fluorine-containing aromatic structures, laying the foundation for the creation of new drugs and efficient pesticides.
Second, in the field of materials science, it also has potential uses. It can participate in the preparation of polymer materials with special properties. By polymerizing with other monomers, difluoromethyl and benzene ring structures are introduced into the main chain or side chain of the polymer, giving the material unique properties, such as improving the thermal stability, chemical stability and weather resistance of the material. It can be applied to aerospace, electronics and other industries that require strict material properties.
Third, it is also indispensable in the synthesis of fine chemical products. It can be used to synthesize fine chemicals such as special fragrances and dyes. With its unique structure, it imparts special aroma or color characteristics to the product and enhances the quality and added value of the product.
What are the physical properties of 1-Bromo-3- (Difluoromethyl) Benzene?
1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene, this is an organic compound with unique physical properties. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature, and it is clear and transparent. Its smell has a special aromatic smell, but the intensity of the smell may vary depending on the concentration.
The boiling point is about 195 ° C to 200 ° C. The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gaseous state. This boiling point indicates that 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene needs to reach a considerable temperature before it can boil and vaporize. The melting point is relatively low, about -30 ° C. The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid state. A low melting point means that the compound can melt into a liquid state at a lower temperature.
The density of 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene is higher than that of water, about 1.6 g/cm ³. Therefore, if mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. Its solubility is also an important property. It is slightly soluble in water, but it can be miscible with many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. Due to the principle of similar compatibility, organic solvents are similar in structure or polarity to 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene, so they are miscible.
In addition, the vapor pressure of the compound is also a key physical property. Vapor pressure reflects the ability of a liquid to volatilize into a gaseous state at a certain temperature. The vapor pressure of 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene is relatively low, which means that its volatilization rate is slow at room temperature. However, in a poorly heated or ventilated environment, its volatilization will still intensify and should be paid attention to. In short, these many physical properties have far-reaching implications for its application in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields.
What are the synthesis methods of 1-Bromo-3- (Difluoromethyl) Benzene?
There are several methods for synthesizing 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene as follows.
First, m-bromotoluene is used as the starting material. First, m-bromotoluene and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) undergo a free radical substitution reaction under heating conditions under the action of an initiator such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and a bromine atom is introduced on the methyl group to form m-bromobenzyl. Subsequently, m-bromobenzyl and difluoromethyl reagents, such as difluoromethyl zinc reagents, carry out nucleophilic substitution reactions in organic solvents in the presence of suitable catalysts. In this process, difluoromethyl replaces bromine atoms to obtain 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene.
Second, isobromobenzoic acid is used as the starting material. First, isobromobenzoic acid and methanol are esterified under the catalyst of concentrated sulfuric acid to form methyl isobromobenzoate. Next, methyl isobromobenzoate is reduced by reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH) to obtain isobromobenzyl alcohol. Afterwards, m-bromobenzyl alcohol reacts with difluoromethylene methylation reagents, such as difluoromethyltrimethylsilane (CF 2O H-TMS), under alkaline conditions and catalyzed by suitable catalysts, and the hydroxyl group is replaced by difluoromethyl, which is then converted into 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene.
Third, m-bromobenzaldehyde is used as the starting material. First, m-bromobenzaldehyde is combined with triphenylphosphine and dibromodifluoromethane (CF -2 Br -2) under the action of alkali, through a variant of Wittig reaction, to form a carbon-carbon double bond, resulting in an olefin intermediate containing difluoromethyl. Subsequently, the olefin intermediate is brominated, and the bromine atom can be substituted for the hydrogen atom at the appropriate position on the olefin by NBS or bromine elemental substance and a suitable catalyst system, and finally 1-bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene is obtained.
The above synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be selected according to actual needs, such as the availability of raw materials, the ease of control of reaction conditions, and the purity requirements of the product.
What are the precautions for storing and transporting 1-Bromo-3- (Difluoromethyl) Benzene?
1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene is an organic chemical. When storing and transporting, many points need to be carefully paid attention to.
First of all, because it has certain chemical activity, it needs to be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This is to avoid deterioration or chemical reactions caused by temperature and humidity discomfort. Storage should be kept away from fires and heat sources. Open flames and hot topics can easily cause dangerous reactions, such as combustion or even explosion. It needs to be stored separately from oxidants, strong bases, etc., because it can react violently with these substances and endanger safety. Storage containers must be tightly sealed to prevent them from evaporating or reacting with components in the air. Glass bottles or special chemical storage containers are often used. At the same time, the storage area should be set up with obvious warning signs to remind personnel of its danger, and prepare corresponding emergency treatment equipment and materials, such as fire extinguishers, adsorption materials, etc.
As for transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the packaging is complete and well sealed before transportation, and the packaging materials used must be able to withstand certain external forces and environmental changes to prevent leakage on the way. Transportation vehicles must be equipped with corresponding fire equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment to prepare for emergencies. During driving, drivers should drive slowly to avoid package damage caused by violent actions such as sudden braking and sharp turns. During transportation, drive according to the specified route, away from densely populated areas and important facilities, to reduce the risk of accidents. In addition, transportation personnel should receive professional training and be familiar with the characteristics of the substance and emergency treatment methods. In the event of a leak, they can respond promptly and correctly to minimize the harm.
What are the safety risks associated with 1-Bromo-3- (Difluoromethyl) Benzene?
1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene related safety risks are as follows:
Fire and explosion risk
This compound is flammable. When it encounters open flames and hot topics, it may cause combustion. When burned, it will release energy rapidly, forming strong thermal radiation and pressure waves, causing damage to surrounding buildings and equipment, endangering personnel safety. Thermal decomposition also produces corrosive gases such as hydrogen bromide and hydrogen fluoride, which not only corrode equipment, but also seriously pollute the atmosphere. And if stored improperly, such as mixing with strong oxidants, once a reaction occurs, it is very likely to cause violent combustion or even explosion.
Health Hazard Risk
1. ** Inhalation Hazards **: Inhalation of the volatile vapor of this substance will irritate the respiratory tract, causing cough, asthma, and breathing difficulties. Long-term or large-scale inhalation will damage lung function and cause chemical pneumonia and other diseases. In addition, the bromine and fluorine compounds it contains will interfere with the normal physiological functions of the human body, causing adverse effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc., causing dizziness, headache, palpitations and other symptoms.
2. ** Skin Contact Hazards **: Contact with the skin can cause skin irritation, tingling, burning, redness, swelling, itching, and even chemical burns. If absorbed through the skin into the human body, it will further damage internal organs.
3. ** Eye Contact Hazards **: Accidentally entering the eyes can strongly irritate the eyes, causing pain, tears, and blurred vision. In severe cases, it can damage the cornea and conjunctiva, causing vision loss or even blindness.
4. ** Hazards of Accidental Eating **: After ingestion, it will corrode the mucosa of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, causing severe pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. After absorption, it will circulate to the whole body with the blood, damage multiple organ functions, and threaten life safety.
Risk of Environmental Hazards
1-Bromo-3- (difluoromethyl) benzene enters the environment and is difficult to degrade. Residues in the soil will affect the activity and structure of soil microorganisms, cause soil fertility to decrease, and affect plant growth. Entering the water body will poison aquatic organisms, destroy the balance of aquatic ecosystems, and enrich through the food chain, ultimately endangering human health. Volatile into the atmosphere, it will participate in photochemical reactions, form photochemical smog, reduce atmospheric visibility, and endanger human respiratory health.